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Friday, 11 June 2010 15:05
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Formaldehyde
In addition to the emissions resulting from the production and its usage, formaldehyde isreleased into the atmosphere due to incomplete combustion and .... Its use as an adhesive in the manufacture of chipboard and its mixing with urea ...
www2.gtz.de/uvp/publika/english/vol340.htm - CachedFormaldehyde Monitoring System -For Continuous Formaldehyde ...
The manufacturing process to produce chipboard commonly uses Formaldehyde.Formaldehyde Emission is a toxic, carcinogenic gas, which affects the mucus ...
lumasense.us/applications/.../formaldehyde_emissions.html - CachedFormaldehyde
Black carbon pollution emerges as major player in global warming
http://www.physorg.com/news125500721.htm…
"Black carbon, a form of particulate air pollution most often produced from biomass burning, cooking with solid fuels and diesel exhaust, has a warming effect in the atmosphere three to four times greater than prevailing estimates, according to scientists in an upcoming review article in the journal Nature Geoscience."
"Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego atmospheric scientist V. Ramanathan and University of Iowa chemical engineer Greg Carmichael, said that soot and other forms of black carbon could have as much as 60 percent of the current global warming effect of carbon dioxide, more than that of any greenhouse gas besides CO2."
It is implicated in the early warming:
Study Identifies Contribution of Man-Made Soot to Warming in Greenland in the Early 20th Century
http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/08/…
"In addition to black carbon, we measured a broad range of other chemicals at very high depth resolution in this same ice core."
Reducing soot is the fastest way to reduce global warming:
Reducing Black Carbon, or Soot, May Be Fastest Strategy
for Slowing Climate Change
http://www.igsd.org/docs/BC%20Briefing%2…
Emissions from black carbon (BC), or soot, are the second largest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and reducing these emissions is the fastest strategy for slowing climate change. The most recent estimate of BC forcing, 0.9 watts per square meter (W/m2) (range of 0.4 to 1.2 W/m2), is “as much as 55% of the CO2 forcing and is larger than the forcing due to the other GHGs such as CH4, CFCs, N2O, or tropospheric ozone.”1 In some regions, such as the Himalayas, the impact of BC on melting snowpacks and glaciers may be equal to that of CO2.2 BC emissions also significantly contribute to Arctic ice-melt, and reducing such emissions may be “the most efficient way to mitigate Arctic warming that we know of.”3 Since 1950, developed countries have successfully reduced BC emissions by a factor of five, primarily to improve public health, and “technology exists for a drastic reduction of fossil fuel related BC” in the rest of the world.
Formaldehyde Emissions
The manufacturing process to produce chipboard commonly uses Formaldehyde. Formaldehyde Emission is a toxic, carcinogenic gas, which affects the mucus membranes such as the lungs, eyes and nose. At low concentrations, Formaldehyde Emission effects cause a mild irritation, while at higher concentrations inhalation of Formaldehyde Emission can result in death. Egger (UK), a subsidiary of an Austrian company that has manufacturing sites in several European cities, manufactures chipboard in Northern England. In order for Egger (UK) to produce chipboard at this site, the HMIP (The UK pollution inspectorate) required that the plant measured, on a continuous basis, the vent emissions of formaldehyde to the atmosphere.
A Need for Multi-point Sampling of Formaldehyde Emissions
Traditional methods to measure Formaldehyde Emissions are normally time consuming, labour intensive and require expensive chemicals and laboratory facilities increasing the running costs. Egger (UK) decided that in addition to measuring vent emissions, they would also measure fugitive emissions and ambient levels within the factory boundary. This meant they required a multi-point sampling system that could simultaneously measure in 4 separate areas. They also wanted to be able to measure TOC levels during the process, which meant a multi-gas measurement capability must be included in the system. As legislation required vent emissions to be measured, the system must provide some form of hard copy of the measurement results as documentation to prove to the authorities that the process was running as planned. Egger (UK) also decided, as an extra safeguard for the workers, the system must provide real-time results that could be linked to an alarm system. This alarm system would be triggered if the concentrations of Formaldehyde Emission exceeded the permitted values.
The Tested Technique of Measuring Formaldehyde Emission
A Multi-gas INNOVA 1302 (superceded by the INNOVA 1412) was installed. This monitor, with it's photoacoustic (PAS) measurement technique and narrow band optical filters, is capable of measuring up to five gases simultaneously. The filters chosen for this application and the gases they measure are shown in Table 1 below.
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The Solution
Although the UA0986 filter was chosen for Formaldehyde Emission, both Methanol and Dimethylether, present onsite, absorb in this filter's absorption range. Additional filters were included to enable cross-compensation for Methanol and Dimethylether. In addition to the INNOVA 1302, a sampler was installed. These were housed in an analyzer house within the plant. The vent was approx. 100m from the proposed instrument position (away from any zoned areas). The other sampling points were 50, 25 and 100m from the monitor. The high dew point in the scrubber meant that heating of the sampling system was needed, to avoid condensation in cold weather in the sample tube. Heated sampling lines were run through the plant to the sampling points. A coalescing filter was also installed as an additional safeguard to protect the monitor's measurement cell. An external pump was connected to the sampling lines enabling all the lines to be constantly purged to a common manifold. This reduced any measurement time delay (measurement results available every two minutes). Only the line to be sampled is diverted to the monitor. The monitor's own internal pump provides the sample. Result data for all four gases is passed, via an RS232 interface, to a printer to produce a hard copy.
The samples can be identified by the "channel number data" provided by the sampling system. The system has no expendable parts and the monitor's inherent stability means it only requires recalibrating approximately twice a year. So, once the measurement procedure is started the monitor can measure without any user intervention. The need for an alarm system is covered by the monitor's built-in beeper and Alarm Relay socket. The beeper warns staff working close to the monitor that the measured concentration has exceeded the alarm level, while the relay socket enables remote alarms to be connected to warn staff working in other parts of the factory. This is a feature Egger (UK) has earmarked for future development.
Conclusion
Even though the authorities demand a continuous monitoring system, which are often time consuming for those who have to operate them, by installing this system all the data and documentation necessary to satisfy the authorities are available without requiring more time from the workers. In addition to this, this monitoring system ensures the health and safety of the workers.
How To: Properly Preserve Your Little Sister's Stuffed Animal ...
www.geekologie.com/2010/.../how_to_properly_preserve_your.php - Cache
Embalming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalming - Cached - Similar
Timber company guilty of pollution
An Irish timber processing company has pleaded guilty to six separate charges of polluting the atmosphere at its plant in the east Clare village of Scarriff.
Company secretary of Finsa Forest Products Ltd, Michael O’Rourke, signed a plea of guilty on six separate charges to causing or permitting emissions at its plant exceeding the terms of its Integrated Pollution Control Licence issued to it by the Environmental Protection Agency in June 2006.
Last September, a District Court judge declined jurisdiction in the case at Killaloe District Court after hearing an outline of the evidence by the agency, according to a report in The Irish Times.
After jurisdiction was declined, the director of public prosecutions took on the prosecution and in court yesterday, State solicitor Martin Linnane said five of the 11 charges against the company could be struck out. Mr Linnane said the company was going forward on a signed plea to the Circuit Court on the remaining six charges.
Finsa Forest Products is one of the chief employers in east Clare. Its most recent accounts to the Companies Office show that it increased its profits from €601,000 in 2006 to €3m to the end of 2007.
The firm’s main activity is the sale of timber, mainly to distributors, kitchen manufacturers and businesses in the construction industry. Spanish group Financiera Madera SA owns Finsa.
This factory could, with a little adaptation, become a district heating plant using biomass from local sustainably managed woodlands and hedgerows. Thus jobs would be retained (and more created), local energy needs assisted, dangerous emissions avoided and more native tree planting encouraged - good for biodiversity and carbon sequestration.
ReplyDeleteMary many thanks for taking the time to write It is great to hear a positive solution- Can you elaborate ?
ReplyDeleteCate and Realta